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İnsansız Hava Aracı

Figure 1 MediaTek MT3329 GPS
Englishİnsansız Hava AracıUçak Sistemleri

Data Logger and Telemetry System for Model Airplane – 4

by Caner

GPS is examined in two parts. GPS receiver is the first part of it. It provides to take GPS signal from the satellite and send the information from its serial port. Its internal serial port sends the data through tx port. The data is sent via NMEA format so that it is needed to decode the NMEA format. In second part, in order to decode the signal NMEA format is introduced.

GPS Receiver

In the project, the MediaTek MT3329 GPS module is used. It can be seen in figure 1. The MediaTek-3329 is an ultra-compact POT (Patch on Top) GPS Module. This POT GPS receiver provides a solution that is high in position and speed accuracy performances, with high sensitivity and tracking capabilities in urban conditions.  The module can support up to  66  channels and is designed for a small-form-factor device.

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Figure 2. Gyro Rate
Englishİnsansız Hava AracıUçak Sistemleri

Data Logger and Telemetry System for Model Airplane – 3

by Caner

Gyroscope

Gyroscopes function differently depends on their type. Traditional spinning gyroscopes work on the basis that a spinning object that is tilted perpendicularly to the direction of the spin will have a precession. The precession keeps the device oriented in a vertical direction so the angle relative to the reference surface can be measured. Optical gyroscopes are most commonly ring laser gyroscopes.  These devices send two lasers around a circular path in opposite directions.  If the path spins, a phase shift can be detected since the speed of light always remains constant. Usually, the rings are triangles or rectangles with mirrors at each corner. Optical gyroscopes are a great improvement to the spinning mass gyroscopes because there is no wear, greater reliability and smaller size and weight [1]. Even after the introduction of laser ring gyroscopes, a lot of properties were desired. MEMS vibrating mass gyroscopes aimed to create smaller, more sensitive devices. In this project, MEMS gyroscopes are used. MEMS gyro is shown below.

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Figure 4. Box under combination of two forces
Englishİnsansız Hava AracıUçak Sistemleri

Data Logger and Telemetry System for Model Airplane – 2

by Caner

Sensors are critically important in the project. The aircraft module collects the data from the sensors and processes it via Arduino mega platform. The system consists of IMU, GPS, temperature, pressure sensors. IMU gives accelerometer, gyro and magnetic compass output.

IMU

An inertial measurement unit, or IMU, is an electronic device that measures and reports on a craft’s velocity, orientation, and gravitational forces, using a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes, sometimes also magnetometers. IMUs are typically used to maneuver aircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), among many others, and spacecraft, including shuttles, satellites, and landers [1]. IMU uses accelerometer, gyro, and magnetometer. In this project, each sensor is 3 DOF so the total system has 9 DOF which gives more flexibility in the project.

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Arduino
Englishİnsansız Hava AracıUçak Sistemleri

Data Logger and Telemetry System for Model Airplane – 1

by Caner

Since model airplanes fly according to visual flight rules, they don’t have any tracking, control and security systems. Lack of these systems may lead to destroy the aircraft and the area which it is flying. The aim of the designed telemetry system is to transmit the aircraft data to the ground station and to provide observing the momentary results of the aircraft. Thus, when aircraft goes into dangerous station, pilot can observe the sensor values and may change the position of the aircraft so that the probability of the crashing the aircraft is decreased. Individually designed system is not included in model airplanes.

This system may be easily integrated to the model airplanes with the benefits of portability, small sizes and small weights. Telemetry system consists of two separate modules. Aircraft module provides to analyze position, velocity, pressure, IMU sensors in the aircraft and send the signals to the ground station. Ground control module shows the incoming signals to the pilot.

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Englishİnsansız Hava Aracı

İHA’lar için Trafik Yönetim Sistemi

by Caner

NASA son birkaç yıldır 500 ft ve altında uçan sistemler için hava trafik yönetim sistemi geliştirmek için çalışıyor. UTM kısaltılmasıyla bilinen sistem bulut (cloud) temelli olmakla birlikte düşük irtifalarda görüş hattının ötesinde hava araçlarının çarpışmalarının önlenmesini amaçlamaktadır.

NASA Ames Araştırma Merkezinden  Dr. Parimal Kopardekar  hava araçlarını otonom arabalara benzeterek İHA’ların otonom olsa da havada belirli yollara ve trafik lambalarına ihtiyaç duyduğunu dile getirmiş. Sistem İHA’ların nerede uçmasının tehlikeli olduğu nerede uçmanın emniyetli olduğunu İHA operatörlerine sağlayarak emniyetli bir uçuşun gerçekleştirilmesini hedef almaktadır.

İHA’lar için Trafik Yönetim Sistemi adlı haberin tamamını okumak için lütfen tıklayın

Resim Kaynağı: www.nsideunmannedsystems.com

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